The rapid rate at which groundwater levels have dipped across Punjab is ringing alarms now, as on an average, the water table is going down at the rate of 0.37 metre every year.
A recent report has found that the condition of groundwater resources have deteriorated further in the past five years.
The loss of groundwater stores poses serious threats to humans that need it to drink, crops that are irrigated with it, and natural ecosystems that rely on it for their survival.
A report ‘Groundwater Resources of Punjab’ by the Central Ground Water Board and the State’s Water Resources and Environment Directorate has found that the over-exploitation of groundwater has increased by 16 per cent in the past six years.
The groundwater extraction has increased from 149 per cent of the total recharge in 2013 to 165 per cent in the present report. The outcome is that about 79 per cent area of the state is over-exploited. Out of 138 blocks, 110 blocks are ‘over-exploited’ four blocks are ‘critical’ two are ‘semi-critical’ and only 22 fall in the safe category.
The number of over-exploited blocks has increased from 105 in 2013 to 110 in 2017.
“There is an urgent need to recharge groundwater in the over-exploited blocks and develop available shallow groundwater in safe blocks to avoid waterlogging in future,” the report observed.
In historical analysis of groundwater, the report noted that the groundwater level fell almost in 85 per cent of the area between 1984 and 2016. While in the remaining about 15 per cent area of the state it has risen during this period. It has been observed that the area, in which groundwater table is more than 10-metre deep, has been continuously increasing. It was 14.9 per cent in June 1989, 20 per cent in June 1992, 28 per cent in June 1997, and 44 per cent in June 2002 and 61 per cent in June 2008, 65 per cent area fell in that category in 2016.
ALSO WATCH – FINAL ASSAULT | Punjabi Documentary Film | Save Punjab Waters
It has been found that the average yearly rate of fall of water level in the past six years was approximately 0.37 metre a year.
However, in badly-hit areas, including Barnala, Bathinda, Fatehgarh Sahib, Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Moga, Mohali, Pathankot, Patiala and Sangrur, it was approximately 0.49 metre.